🇯🇵 JAPANESE
Kanji – Batch 12
漢字 56–60 · 口 町 空 雨 足 · JLPT N5
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A – Flashcard Practice
Click each card to reveal the meaning and readings. Aim to recall the meaning before you flip.
B – Type the On-yomi
Type the romaji for the on-yomi of each kanji. Any one correct on-yomi is accepted — e.g. kou, chou, kuu, u, soku.
C – Type the Meaning
Type the primary English meaning of each kanji. Synonyms are accepted — e.g. mouth, town, sky / empty, rain, foot / leg.
口
mouth, opening, entrance
On: コウ (kou) · ク (ku) | Kun: くち (kuchi)
Mnemonic
口 is a pure pictograph of an open mouth — a simple square outline. It is one of the most productive radicals in all of kanji, appearing in dozens of characters involving speaking, eating, or openings. On: コウ (kou) — used in 人口 (jinkou, "population"), 口座 (kouza, "bank account"). On: ク (ku) — appears in some traditional compounds. Cross-batch: 人口 (じんこう) combines 人 (person, batch 01) + 口 — literally "person mouths," i.e., population. Also 入り口 (iriguchi, "entrance") uses 入 (enter, batch 04). Watch for 口 embedded inside larger kanji such as 右, 名, 品, 回.
Key vocabulary
- 1口くち (kuchi)mouth
- 2人口じんこう (jinkou)population
- 3窓口まどぐち (madoguchi)window (service counter), ticket window
- 4口座こうざ (kouza)bank account
- 5入り口いりぐち / はいりぐち (iriguchi / hairiguchi)entrance, entry
Sentences in context
Iriguchi wa doko desu ka.
入り口はどこですか。
"Entrance (topic) where is?"
Where is the entrance?
Toukyou no jinkou wa totemo ooii desu.
東京の人口はとても多いです。
"Tokyo's population (topic) very large is."
Tokyo's population is very large.
Ginkou no kouza wo hirakimashita.
銀行の口座を開きました。
"Bank's account (obj) opened."
I opened a bank account.
町
town, city block
On: チョウ (chou) | Kun: まち (machi)
Mnemonic
町 = 田 (rice field, batch 11) + 丁 (street block) — fields divided into town blocks, the origin of urban planning in Japan. As settlements grew around rice paddies, 田 + 丁 gave us 町. On: チョウ (chou). 町 sits in the middle of Japan's administrative hierarchy: 市 (city) → 町 (town) → 村 (village), as seen in 市町村 (shichouson, "cities, towns, and villages"). Kun: まち (machi) — the everyday word for a neighbourhood or shopping street.
Key vocabulary
- 1町まち / ちょう (machi / chou)town, neighbourhood, city block
- 2市町村しちょうそん (shichouson)municipalities (cities, towns, villages)
- 3同町どうちょう (douchou)the same town
- 4町長ちょうちょう (chouchou)mayor of a town
- 5町内ちょうない (chounai)within the town, neighbourhood
Sentences in context
Kono machi wa shizuka desu.
この町は静かです。
"This town (topic) quiet is."
This town is quiet.
Chounai no hitobito ga atsumari mashita.
町内の人々が集まりました。
"Neighbourhood's people gathered."
The people of the neighbourhood gathered.
Shichouson no gyousei wo benkyou shimashita.
市町村の行政を勉強しました。
"Cities-towns-villages' administration studied."
I studied municipal administration.
空
sky, empty, vacant
On: クウ (kuu) | Kun: そら (sora) · あく (aku) · あける (akeru) · から (kara) · すく (suku)
Mnemonic
空 = 穴 (hole/cavity) + 工 (craft/work) — carving out a hollow space, leaving emptiness above. This dual meaning — sky (the vast empty above) and empty/vacant — comes from the same root: open space. On: クウ (kuu). Cross-batch: 空気 (くうき, "air/atmosphere") uses 気 (spirit/energy, batch 06) — literally "empty energy." 空港 (くうこう, "airport") — literally "sky harbour." Kun: から (kara, "empty container"); そら (sora, "the sky"). Note: 空 covers both uses — "The sky is blue" and "This box is empty" both use 空.
Key vocabulary
- 1空から (kara)empty, vacant
- 2空港くうこう (kuukou)airport
- 3航空こうくう (koukuu)aviation, air travel
- 4空気くうき (kuuki)air, atmosphere
- 5航空機こうくうき (koukuuki)aircraft, aeroplane
Sentences in context
Sora ga totemo aoi desu.
空がとても青いです。
"Sky (subject) very blue is."
The sky is very blue.
Kuukou made basu de ikimasu.
空港までバスで行きます。
"Airport until bus by go."
I'll go to the airport by bus.
Kono bin wa kara desu.
このびんは空です。
"This bottle (topic) empty is."
This bottle is empty.
雨
rain
On: ウ (u) | Kun: あめ (ame) · あま- (ama-) · -さめ (-same)
Mnemonic
雨 is a classic pictograph: the top horizontal stroke is the sky, the box below is a cloud, and the four dots inside are raindrops falling. It's one of the most recognisable weather kanji and a key radical — 雪 (snow), 雷 (thunder), 電 (electricity) all contain 雨 at the top. On: ウ (u) — short like a single raindrop. Cross-batch: 大雨 (おおあめ, "heavy rain") uses 大 (big, batch 01); 雨水 (あまみず / うすい, "rainwater") uses 水 (water, batch 08). Kun forms: あめ in isolation, あま- in compounds (雨水), -さめ when compounded at the end (夕立ちさめ).
Key vocabulary
- 1雨あめ (ame)rain
- 2大雨おおあめ (ooame)heavy rain
- 3梅雨ばいう / つゆ (baiu / tsuyu)rainy season (East Asian monsoon)
- 4雨水あまみず / うすい (amamizu / usui)rainwater
- 5雨量うりょう (uryou)rainfall, precipitation
Sentences in context
Kyou wa ame ga futte imasu.
今日は雨が降っています。
"Today (topic) rain (subject) falling is."
It is raining today.
Tsuyu no jiki wa shitsudo ga takai desu.
梅雨の時期は湿度が高いです。
"Rainy season's period (topic) humidity (subject) high is."
During the rainy season, humidity is high.
Ooame de densha ga okuremashita.
大雨で電車が遅れました。
"Heavy rain because train delayed."
The train was delayed due to heavy rain.
足
foot, leg, sufficient
On: ソク (soku) | Kun: あし (ashi) · た.りる (tariru) · た.る (taru) · た.す (tasu)
Mnemonic
足 is a pictograph of a leg and foot — the upper part (口-like shape) represents the knee joint, and the lower strokes trace the shin and foot. This dual meaning of "foot/leg" AND "sufficient/enough" comes from an old idea: once your legs can carry you far enough, you have enough. On: ソク (soku) — as in 不足 (fusoku, "shortage/lack"), 満足 (manzoku, "satisfaction"). Cross-batch: 不足 pairs with 力 (batch 11) — when 力 (power) runs 不足 (short), you can't go on. Note: 足並み (あしなみ, "keeping pace/step") uses the kun-yomi あし.
Key vocabulary
- 1足あし (ashi)foot, leg
- 2不足ふそく (fusoku)shortage, lack, insufficiency
- 3発足ほっそく / はっそく (hossoku / hassoku)launch, inauguration (of an organisation)
- 4満足まんぞく (manzoku)satisfaction, contentment
- 5足並みあしなみ (ashinami)keeping pace, marching in step
Sentences in context
Ashi ga itai desu.
足が痛いです。
"Foot/leg (subject) hurts."
My leg hurts.
Jikan ga fusoku shite imasu.
時間が不足しています。
"Time (subject) lacking is."
There is a shortage of time.
Kekka ni manzoku shite imasu.
結果に満足しています。
"Result with satisfied am."
I am satisfied with the result.
| Kanji | Meaning | On-yomi | Kun-yomi | JLPT | Strokes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 口 | mouth | コウ (kou) · ク (ku) | くち (kuchi) | N5 | 3 |
| 町 | town | チョウ (chou) | まち (machi) | N5 | 7 |
| 空 | sky, empty | クウ (kuu) | そら (sora) · から (kara) | N5 | 8 |
| 雨 | rain | ウ (u) | あめ (ame) · あま- (ama-) | N5 | 8 |
| 足 | foot, sufficient | ソク (soku) | あし (ashi) · た.りる (tariru) | N5 | 7 |