🇯🇵 JAPANESE · N5 GRAMMAR
Grammar 08 — Existence: あります & います
あります と います · Arimasu to Imasu
Grammar Explanation & Practice
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📋 Formation Reference — あります & います
How to express existence and possession in Japanese. Press ▶ to hear examples.
POLITE FORMS (ます-form)
| Form | Inanimate (ある) | Animate (いる) | ▶ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present ✓ | あります arimasu |
います imasu |
|
| Present ✗ | ありません arimasen |
いません imasen |
|
| Past ✓ | ありました arimashita |
いました imashita |
|
| Past ✗ | ありませんでした arimasen deshita |
いませんでした imasen deshita |
PLAIN FORMS (dictionary form)
| Form | Inanimate (ある) | Animate (いる) | ▶ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plain ✓ | ある aru |
いる iru |
|
| Plain ✗ | ない nai |
いない inai |
KEY SENTENCE PATTERNS
[PLACE]
に
[THING]
が
あります/います
[place]
ni
[thing]
ga
arimasu / imasu
→ "There is [THING] at [PLACE]." (new information)
[THING]
は
[PLACE]
に
あります/います
[thing]
wa
[place]
ni
arimasu / imasu
→ "[THING] is at [PLACE]." (known item, asking/stating where)
あります vs います — QUICK RULE
| Use | For | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| あります arimasu |
Objects, plants, buildings, events, abstract things | ほん、くるま、きのこ、パーティー、よてい |
| います imasu |
People, animals, insects — anything that moves on its own | ひと、ねこ、むし、こども、せんせい |
🗣 Example Sentences
See how あります and います work in context. Press ▶ to hear each sentence.
LOCATION — THINGS & PLACES
Object
つくえの うえに ほんが あります。
Tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu.
There is a book on the desk.
つくえの うえ
に
ほん
が
あります
tsukue no ue
ni
hon
ga
arimasu
→ "There is a book on top of the desk."
Place
トイレは にかいに あります。
Toire wa nikai ni arimasu.
The toilet is on the second floor.
トイレ
は
にかい
に
あります
toire
wa
nikai
ni
arimasu
→ "[Known topic] は + location に + あります."
Quantity
この まちに びょういんが みっつ あります。
Kono machi ni byouin ga mittsu arimasu.
There are three hospitals in this town.
LOCATION — ANIMATE BEINGS
Animal
にわに ねこが います。
Niwa ni neko ga imasu.
There is a cat in the garden.
Person
きょうだいが います。
Kyoudai ga imasu.
I have siblings. (Siblings exist [in my life].)
POSSESSION & EVENTS
Negation
じかんが ありません。
Jikan ga arimasen.
I don't have time.
Event
あした かいぎが あります。
Ashita kaigi ga arimasu.
There is a meeting tomorrow.
Plain
おかねが ない!
Okane ga nai!
I don't have money! (plain/casual)
あります vs います — the core rule
✅ CORRECT
にわに ねこが います。
Niwa ni neko ga imasu.
There is a cat in the garden.
Cats move on their own → animate → います
❌ COMMON MISTAKE
にわに ねこが あります。
Niwa ni neko ga arimasu.
(intended: There is a cat in the garden.)
あります is for inanimate things — use います for living creatures.
Two sentence orders — same meaning, different focus
NEW INFO (が)
つくえに ほんが あります。
Tsukue ni hon ga arimasu.
There is a book on the desk.
PLACE に THING が [ある] — introducing new information
KNOWN TOPIC (は)
ほんは つくえに あります。
Hon wa tsukue ni arimasu.
The book is on the desk.
THING は PLACE に [ある] — stating where a known item is
あります for events and abstract possession
✅ EVENTS
パーティーが あります。
Paatii ga arimasu.
There is a party.
Events (パーティー、しけん、かいぎ) use あります — they are inanimate occurrences.
✅ POSSESSION
くるまが あります。
Kuruma ga arimasu.
I have a car.
あります also expresses ownership of inanimate objects.
Location words (NOUN の + position word)
✅ PATTERN
つくえの うえに あります。
Tsukue no ue ni arimasu.
It is on top of the desk.
うえ (top), した (below), なか (inside), まえ (front), となり (next to), あいだ (between)
❌ COMMON MISTAKE
つくえ うえに あります。
Tsukue ue ni arimasu.
(intended: on the desk)
You must link the noun to the location word with の: つくえのうえ.
A — Flashcards
Click a card to flip it. Use ▶ to hear the Japanese.
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B — Listen & Choose the Meaning
Press ▶ to hear each phrase, then choose the correct English meaning.
D — Listen & Write in Romaji
Press ▶ to hear each phrase, then type what you heard in romaji.
💡 Tip: Long vowels → double the vowel (おう = ou / oo). Double consonants → write them twice (きって = kitte).
あります for events — not just physical objects
あります is used for events, schedules, and abstract occurrences, not only physical objects.
This surprises learners who think only of "there is a thing."
• パーティーが あります — There is a party.
• しけんが あります — There is an exam.
• よていが あります — I have plans.
[EVENT/PLAN]
が あります
[event/plan]
ga arimasu
→ "There is [event] / I have [plan]."
あした かいぎが あります。
Ashita kaigi ga arimasu.
There is a meeting tomorrow.
が vs は in existence sentences
The choice of が or は changes what the sentence focuses on.
• PLACE に THING が あります → new information: the thing is being introduced for the first time.
• THING は PLACE に あります → the thing is already known; the sentence answers "where is it?"
Think of が as "spotlight on new info" and は as "talking about something already mentioned."
つくえに ほんが あります。(New info: there's a book.)
Tsukue ni hon ga arimasu.
There is a book on the desk.
ほんは つくえに あります。(Known item: where is the book?)
Hon wa tsukue ni arimasu.
The book is on the desk.
Location words with の — NOUN の POSITION
Japanese location words (position nouns) cannot directly attach to a noun without の.
The pattern is: [NOUN] の [POSITION WORD] に.
• うえ = top/above • した = below/under • なか = inside
• そと = outside • まえ = in front • うしろ = behind
• となり = next to • あいだ = between
[NOUN]
の
[POSITION]
に
[noun]
no
[position]
ni
→ "at [position] of [noun]"
いすの したに ねこが います。
Isu no shita ni neko ga imasu.
There is a cat under the chair.
います for people you "have" in your life
When talking about family members, friends, or pets as part of your life, use います — not あります.
This is a form of possession, but because the "things possessed" are living beings, います is correct.
• こどもが います — I have children.
• きょうだいが います — I have siblings.
• ともだちが います — I have friends.
いぬが います。
Inu ga imasu.
I have a dog. / There is a dog.
ある for abstract possession — experience, plans, money
Abstract concepts treated as "things you have" use あります/ある.
• じかんが ある — have time
• おかねが ある — have money
• けいけんが ある — have experience
• よていが ある — have plans/a schedule
These feel natural in English as "I have [X]" but in Japanese the grammar is pure existence: "[X] exists (for me)."
じかんが ありません。
Jikan ga arimasen.
I don't have time.
| Japanese | Romaji | English | ▶ |
|---|---|---|---|
| つくえ | tsukue | desk | |
| にわ | niwa | garden / yard | |
| にかい | nikai | second floor | |
| きょうだい | kyoudai | siblings | |
| じかん | jikan | time | |
| かいぎ | kaigi | meeting | |
| おかね | okane | money | |
| うえ | ue | above / on top | |
| した | shita | below / under | |
| なか | naka | inside | |
| まえ | mae | in front / before | |
| となり | tonari | next to / neighbouring |