JLPT N5 reference · Existence, time and quantity
Counters: introduction
Japanese numbers normally combine with counters chosen according to an object’s shape, type, or function. Many combinations involve sound changes.
Core meaning and form
The general counter つ covers many native-number combinations from one to ten. Common specific counters include 人 for people, 枚 for flat objects, 本 for long objects, and 匹 for small animals.
- 一つ, 二つ, 三つ.
- 一人, 二人, 三人.
- 一枚, 一本, 一匹.
Examples in context
りんごを三つ買いました。Ringo o mittsu kaimashita.I bought three apples.
学生が二人います。Gakusei ga futari imasu.There are two students.
紙を五枚ください。Kami o go-mai kudasai.Please give me five sheets of paper.
Common errors
- Do not use a bare number for every counted noun.
- Learn irregular readings such as 一人, 二人, 一本, and 一匹 with the counter.
Quick summary
- Choose a counter for the noun category.
- Numbers and counters often form one phrase.
- Sound changes are part of the vocabulary.