JLPT N1 reference · Discourse and information structure
Argument progression
Effective Japanese argument often moves from shared setting to problem, grounds, qualification, and conclusion.
Core meaning and form
Organize claims with a stable topic, explicit relations, controlled repetition, and connectors whose logical scope is clear. Connectors cannot repair missing reasoning; each consequence or concession must be supported by the preceding content.
- Form: Organize claims with a stable topic, explicit relations, controlled repetition, and connectors whose logical scope is clear.
- Core use: Effective Japanese argument often moves from shared setting to problem, grounds, qualification, and conclusion.
- Context: Connectors cannot repair missing reasoning; each consequence or concession must be supported by the preceding content.
Examples in context
まず現状を確認する。次に原因を分析し、最後に対策を提案する。Mazu genjō o kakunin suru. Tsugi ni gen’in o bunseki shi, saigo ni taisaku o teian suru.First we confirm the situation, next analyze causes, and finally propose measures.
確かに費用は高い。しかし、長期的な効果も考慮すべきだ。Tashika ni hiyō wa takai. Shikashi, chōkiteki na kōka mo kōryo subeki da.The cost is certainly high. However, long-term effects should also be considered.
以上の理由から、本案が最も妥当だと結論づける。Ijō no riyū kara, hon-an ga mottomo datō da to ketsuron-zukeru.For these reasons, we conclude that this proposal is most appropriate.
Common errors
- Do not select this pattern from an English translation alone; check its attachment and discourse function.
- Keep the surrounding sentence in a consistent plain, polite, spoken, or written register.
Quick summary
- Organize claims with a stable topic, explicit relations, controlled repetition, and connectors whose logical scope is clear.
- Effective Japanese argument often moves from shared setting to problem, grounds, qualification, and conclusion.
- Connectors cannot repair missing reasoning; each consequence or concession must be supported by the preceding content.