Dictionary form

Core meaning and form

It can describe habits, general truths, or future events. Plain style does not equal rude language, but the social context determines whether it is appropriate as the final predicate.

• 食べます → 食べる.
• 書きます → 書く.
• します → する; 来ます → 来る.

Examples in context

Common errors

• Do not interpret dictionary form as only present tense.
• Do not assume plain form is suitable in every service encounter.

Quick summary

• Dictionary form is plain non-past affirmative.
• Context supplies present or future time.
• Many structures attach to this form.