๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต JAPANESE ยท N5

Lesson 11 โ€” Negations & Affirmations

ใฒใฆใ„ใจ ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„  ยท  Hitei to Koutei

Listening & Speaking Practice  ยท  Formal ยท Standard ยท Casual

Japanese Hub
Progress: 0 of 4 exercises complete
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent! You've completed all four exercises for this lesson!

๐Ÿ“‹ Expression Reference โ€” Negations & Affirmations

Key phrases across formality levels. Press โ–ถ to hear any expression.

ExpressionRomajiEnglishUsage
ใฏใ„ใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
Hai, sayou de gozaimasu Yes, that is correct Strongest formal affirmation; used in business/service
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
Iie, sayou dewa gozaimasen No, that is not the case Formal denial; very polite correction
๏ฝžใฆ ใŠใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
~te orimasen I have not [done]โ€ฆ Humble negative of ๏ฝžใฆใ„ใ‚‹; used when correcting a misunderstanding
ExpressionRomajiEnglishUsage
ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™
Hai, sou desu Yes, that's right Standard polite affirmation; everyday use
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใกใŒใ„ใพใ™
Iie, chigaimasu No, that's different / wrong Polite denial; softer than saying ใ„ใ„ใˆ alone
๏ฝžใพใ›ใ‚“
~masen don't / won't [do] Polite present negative of verbs
๏ฝžใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
~masen deshita didn't [do] Polite past negative of verbs
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใงใ™
Mochiron desu Of course! Strong affirmation; signals certainty
ExpressionRomajiEnglishUsage
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใใ† / ใใ†ใ ใ‚ˆ
Un, sou / Sou da yo Yeah, right / Yep! Casual affirmation; ใ†ใ‚“ = casual "yes"
ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใกใŒใ† / ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚ˆ
Uun, chigau / Sou ja nai yo Nah, that's wrong / not right Casual denial; ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ = casual "no"
๏ฝžใชใ„ / ๏ฝžใชใ„ใ‚ˆ
~nai / ~nai yo don't / won't [do] Plain negative of verbs; core casual form
๏ฝžใใชใ„ / ๏ฝžใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
~ku nai / ~ja nai not [adj] / not [noun] Negative of ใ„-adj (ใใชใ„) and nouns/ใช-adj (ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„)

๐Ÿ—ฃ Mini Dialogues

Three scenes at different formality levels. Press โ–ถ to hear each line.

A โ€” FORMAL ยท Office: Correcting a Misunderstanding
็”ฐไธญ
ใ“ใฎใ—ใ‚‡ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ•ใใ›ใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
Kono shorui wa anata ga sakusei shimashita ka?
Did you prepare these documents?
[NOUN] ใฏ [PERSON] ใŒ [VERB-PAST] ใ‹๏ผŸ
~wa ~ga [verb]mashita ka?
โ†’ "Did [person] [do] [thing]?" โ€” use ใฏ to mark the topic, ใŒ to mark the actor.
้ˆดๆœจ
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ•ใใ›ใ„ใ—ใฆ ใŠใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚„ใพใ ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ ใ•ใใ›ใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Iie, watashi wa sakusei shite orimasen. Yamada-san ga sakusei itashimashita.
No, I did not prepare them. Yamada-san prepared them.
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ [SUBJECT] ใฏ [VERB-TE] ใŠใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
Iie, ~wa [verb]-te orimasen
โ†’ "No, [I/subject] have not [done]โ€ฆ" โ€” humble formal negative (keigo).
็”ฐไธญ
ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Sou deshita ka. Shitsurei itashimashita.
Is that so? My apologies.
B โ€” STANDARD ยท Cafรฉ: Drink Preferences
ใฟใฉใ‚Š
ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
Koohii wa nomimasu ka?
Do you drink coffee?
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚ƒใŒ ใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚
Iie, koohii wa nomimasen. Koucha ga suki desu.
No, I don't drink coffee. I like tea.
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ [NOUN] ใฏ [VERB-STEM] ใพใ›ใ‚“
Iie, ~wa [stem] masen
โ†’ "No, I don't [verb] [noun]." โ€” ใฏ marks the negated item with contrast.
ใฟใฉใ‚Š
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ‚ใŸใ—ใ‚‚ ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚ƒใŒ ใ™ใใงใ™ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
Sou desu ka. Watashi mo koucha ga suki desu yo!
Oh really? I also like tea!
C โ€” CASUAL ยท Friends: Homework Check
ใ‚†ใ†ใจ
ใ—ใ‚…ใใ ใ„ ใ‚‚ใ† ใŠใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
Shukudai mou owatta?
Did you finish your homework yet?
ใฏใช
ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใพใ  ใŠใ‚ใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใใฆใ€‚
Uun, mada owatte nai yo. Muzukashikute.
Nah, I haven't finished yet. It's too hard.
ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใพใ  [VERB-TE] ใชใ„ใ‚ˆ
Uun, mada [verb]-te nai yo
โ†’ "Nah, I haven't [done] yet." โ€” ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ = casual "no"; ใพใ  = not yet; ๏ฝžใฆใชใ„ = haven't done.
ใ‚†ใ†ใจ
ใ ใ‚ˆใญใ€œใ€‚ใผใใ‚‚ ใพใ  ใ‚„ใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚
Da yo ne~. Boku mo mada yatte nai ya.
Right?! I haven't done mine either.
Verb Negation โ€” Polite
STANDARD
[VERB-STEM] ใพใ›ใ‚“
[stem] masen
โ†’ "don't / won't [do]"  ยท  e.g. ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ (don't drink), ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ (don't eat)
STANDARD ยท Past
[VERB-STEM] ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
[stem] masen deshita
โ†’ "didn't [do]"  ยท  e.g. ใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (didn't go), ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (didn't eat)
Verb Negation โ€” Casual
ใ‚‹-verbs (ichidan)
ใŸในใชใ„
tabenai
don't eat
Drop ใ‚‹ โ†’ add ใชใ„.  ยท  ใฟใ‚‹ โ†’ ใฟใชใ„, ใญใ‚‹ โ†’ ใญใชใ„
ใ†-verbs (godan)
ใ„ใ‹ใชใ„
ikanai
don't go
Change final ใ†-sound to ใ‚-sound โ†’ add ใชใ„.  ยท  ใโ†’ใ‹, ใ‚€โ†’ใพ, ใ™โ†’ใ•
Noun / ใช-adj Negation
๐ŸŸข STANDARD
ใŒใใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™
gakusei ja nai desu
not a student
๏ฝžใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ or ๏ฝžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (more formal)
๐ŸŸก CASUAL
ใŒใใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
gakusei ja nai
not a student
Drop ใงใ™. ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ is a contraction of ใงใฏใชใ„.
ใ„-Adjective Negation
STANDARD
[ADJ drop ใ„] ใใชใ„ใงใ™
[stem] ku nai desu
โ†’ e.g. ใŸใ‹ใ„ โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™ (not expensive)  ยท  ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ โ†’ ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ„ใงใ™ (not cold)
CASUAL
[ADJ drop ใ„] ใใชใ„
[stem] ku nai
โ†’ e.g. ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ (not expensive)  ยท  ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ„ (not cold)
Affirmation vs. Denial โ€” Quick Reference
โœ… Yes / Affirmation
ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™
Hai, sou desu
Yes, that's right (standard)
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใ ใ‚ˆ
Un, sou da yo
Yeah, right (casual)
ใ†ใ‚“ = casual "yes"  ยท  ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ = of course
โŒ No / Denial
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใกใŒใ„ใพใ™
Iie, chigaimasu
No, that's wrong (standard)
ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใกใŒใ†
Uun, chigau
Nah, that's wrong (casual)
ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ = casual "no" (different sound from ใ†ใ‚“!)

A  โ€” Flashcards

Click a card to flip it. Use โ–ถ to hear the Japanese.

tap to flip
1 / 10

B  โ€” Listen & Choose the Meaning

Press โ–ถ to hear each phrase, then choose the correct English meaning.

C  โ€” Choose the Right Response

Listen to the question, then choose the most natural reply.

D  โ€” Listen & Write in Romaji

Press โ–ถ to hear each phrase, then type what you heard in romaji. Japanese letters are not needed.

๐Ÿ’ก Tip: Long vowels โ†’ double the vowel (ใŠใ† = ou). Double consonants โ†’ write them twice (ใพใฃใฆ = matte). ใ‚“ before a vowel = nn (ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ = konnichiwa).

E  โ€” Shadowing Practice

Press โ–ถ to hear each line, say it aloud, then mark it as practised.

0 of 9 lines practised

1. Polite Verb Negation โ€” ๏ฝžใพใ›ใ‚“

To say you don't or won't do something politely, replace ใพใ™ with ใพใ›ใ‚“.

  โ€ข ใฎใฟใพใ™ (drink) โ†’ ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ (don't drink)
  โ€ข ใŸในใพใ™ (eat) โ†’ ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ (don't eat)
  โ€ข ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ (understand) โ†’ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (don't understand)

The stem (the part before ใพใ™) never changes.
[VERB-STEM] ใพใ™ โ†’ [VERB-STEM] ใพใ›ใ‚“
[stem]masu โ†’ [stem]masen
โ†’ "I don't / won't [verb]."
ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Koohii wa nomimasen.
I don't drink coffee.

2. Polite Past Negative โ€” ๏ฝžใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ

To say you didn't do something, add ใงใ—ใŸ after ใพใ›ใ‚“.

  โ€ข ใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (didn't go)
  โ€ข ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (didn't eat)

Think of it as: ใพใ›ใ‚“ (present negative) + ใงใ—ใŸ (past marker).
[VERB-STEM] ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
[stem] masen deshita
โ†’ "I didn't [verb]."
ใใฎใ†ใ€ใŒใฃใ“ใ†ใซ ใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
Kinou, gakkou ni ikimasen deshita.
I didn't go to school yesterday.

3. Casual Verb Negation โ€” ๏ฝžใชใ„

In casual speech, drop the polite ใพใ™ ending and use the plain negative ๏ฝžใชใ„.

ใ‚‹-verbs (ichidan): Drop ใ‚‹ โ†’ add ใชใ„
  โ€ข ใŸในใ‚‹ โ†’ ใŸในใชใ„   โ€ข ใฟใ‚‹ โ†’ ใฟใชใ„

ใ†-verbs (godan): Change the final sound to its ใ‚-row equivalent โ†’ add ใชใ„
  โ€ข ใ„ใ (kuโ†’ka) โ†’ ใ„ใ‹ใชใ„   โ€ข ใฎใ‚€ (muโ†’ma) โ†’ ใฎใพใชใ„   โ€ข ใฏใชใ™ (suโ†’sa) โ†’ ใฏใชใ•ใชใ„

Irregular: ใ™ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ—ใชใ„   ยท   ใใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ“ใชใ„
ใ†ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใพใ  [VERB-TE] ใชใ„ใ‚ˆ
Uun, mada [verb]-te nai yo
โ†’ "Nah, I haven't [done] yet." โ€” casual and natural among friends.
ใพใ  ใŠใ‚ใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
Mada owatte nai yo.
I haven't finished yet.

4. Noun & ใช-Adjective Negation

To say something is not a noun or not a ใช-adj:

  โ€ข Standard: [NOUN]ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ or [NOUN]ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (more formal)
  โ€ข Casual: [NOUN]ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„

ใ˜ใ‚ƒ is a spoken contraction of ใงใฏ.
[NOUN/ใช-ADJ] ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ ๏ผˆใงใ™๏ผ‰
~ ja nai (desu)
โ†’ "is not [noun/adj]" โ€” add ใงใ™ for polite, drop it for casual.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Kore wa watashi no ja nai desu.
This is not mine.

5. ใ„-Adjective Negation โ€” ๏ฝžใใชใ„

To negate an ใ„-adjective, remove the final ใ„ and add ใใชใ„.

  โ€ข ใŸใ‹ใ„ (expensive) โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ (not expensive)
  โ€ข ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ (cold) โ†’ ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ„ (not cold)
  โ€ข ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ (difficult) โ†’ ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใใชใ„ (not difficult)

Add ใงใ™ after ใใชใ„ for the polite form: ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™.
[ADJ drop ใ„] ใใชใ„๏ผˆใงใ™๏ผ‰
[stem] ku nai (desu)
โ†’ "not [adj]" โ€” works for all ใ„-adjectives. Exception: ใ„ใ„ (good) โ†’ ใ‚ˆใใชใ„ (not good).
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
Kono resutoran wa takaku nai desu yo.
This restaurant isn't expensive, you know.

6. Contrastive ใฏ in Negation

When negating, Japanese often replaces the object particle ใ‚’ with the topic particle ใฏ. This ใฏ carries a contrastive meaning โ€” it implies "this (but not necessarily other things)".

  โ€ข ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ ใฎใฟใพใ™ โ†’ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“
    "I drink coffee" โ†’ "Coffee, I don't drink (but other things maybe)"

Using ใฏ instead of ใ‚’ makes the negation feel more natural and implies a contrast.
[NOUN] ใฏ [VERB-STEM] ใพใ›ใ‚“
~wa [stem] masen
โ†’ "[noun], I don't [verb]." โ€” ใฏ highlights the contrast with something else.
ใ•ใ‹ใชใฏ ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใซใใฏ ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
Sakana wa tabemasen. Niku wa tabemasu.
I don't eat fish. I do eat meat.
JapaneseRomajiMeaning
ใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ikimasendon't go / won't go
ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“tabemasendon't eat
ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“nomimasendon't drink
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“wakarimasendon't understand
ใกใŒใ„ใพใ™chigaimasuthat's different / wrong
ใใ†ใงใ™sou desuthat's right / it is so
ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„sou ja naithat's not right (casual)
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“mochironof course
ใพใ madastill / not yet
ใ‚‚ใ†moualready / anymore
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ‚‹ใ„shoruidocuments / paperwork
ใ—ใ‚…ใใ ใ„shukudaihomework
ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„muzukashiidifficult
ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„takaku nainot expensive
ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ„samuku nainot cold