๐ฏ๐ต JAPANESE ยท N5
Lesson 11 โ Negations & Affirmations
ใฒใฆใใจ ใใใฆใ ยท Hitei to Koutei
Listening & Speaking Practice ยท Formal ยท Standard ยท Casual
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Progress: 0 of 4 exercises complete
๐ Expression Reference โ Negations & Affirmations
Key phrases across formality levels. Press โถ to hear any expression.
FORMAL โ ใใใ (KEIGO)
| Expression | Romaji | English | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ใฏใใใใใใงใใใใพใ |
Hai, sayou de gozaimasu | Yes, that is correct | Strongest formal affirmation; used in business/service |
|
ใใใใใใใใงใฏใใใใพใใ |
Iie, sayou dewa gozaimasen | No, that is not the case | Formal denial; very polite correction |
|
๏ฝใฆ ใใใพใใ |
~te orimasen | I have not [done]โฆ | Humble negative of ๏ฝใฆใใ; used when correcting a misunderstanding |
STANDARD โ ใฆใใญใ (TEINEI)
| Expression | Romaji | English | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ใฏใใใใใงใ |
Hai, sou desu | Yes, that's right | Standard polite affirmation; everyday use |
|
ใใใใใกใใใพใ |
Iie, chigaimasu | No, that's different / wrong | Polite denial; softer than saying ใใใ alone |
|
๏ฝใพใใ |
~masen | don't / won't [do] | Polite present negative of verbs |
|
๏ฝใพใใใงใใ |
~masen deshita | didn't [do] | Polite past negative of verbs |
|
ใใกใใใงใ |
Mochiron desu | Of course! | Strong affirmation; signals certainty |
CASUAL โ ใใ ใใ (KUDAKETA)
| Expression | Romaji | English | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ใใใใใ / ใใใ ใ |
Un, sou / Sou da yo | Yeah, right / Yep! | Casual affirmation; ใใ = casual "yes" |
|
ใใใใใกใใ / ใใใใใชใใ |
Uun, chigau / Sou ja nai yo | Nah, that's wrong / not right | Casual denial; ใใใ = casual "no" |
|
๏ฝใชใ / ๏ฝใชใใ |
~nai / ~nai yo | don't / won't [do] | Plain negative of verbs; core casual form |
|
๏ฝใใชใ / ๏ฝใใใชใ |
~ku nai / ~ja nai | not [adj] / not [noun] | Negative of ใ-adj (ใใชใ) and nouns/ใช-adj (ใใใชใ) |
๐ฃ Mini Dialogues
Three scenes at different formality levels. Press โถ to hear each line.
A โ FORMAL ยท Office: Correcting a Misunderstanding
็ฐไธญ
ใใฎใใใใใฏ ใใชใใ ใใใใใใพใใใ๏ผ
Kono shorui wa anata ga sakusei shimashita ka?
Did you prepare these documents?
[NOUN]
ใฏ
[PERSON]
ใ
[VERB-PAST]
ใ๏ผ
~wa
~ga
[verb]mashita ka?
โ "Did [person] [do] [thing]?" โ use ใฏ to mark the topic, ใ to mark the actor.
้ดๆจ
ใใใใใใใใฏ ใใใใใใฆ ใใใพใใใใใพใ ใใใ ใใใใใใใใพใใใ
Iie, watashi wa sakusei shite orimasen. Yamada-san ga sakusei itashimashita.
No, I did not prepare them. Yamada-san prepared them.
ใใใใ
[SUBJECT]
ใฏ
[VERB-TE]
ใใใพใใ
Iie,
~wa
[verb]-te
orimasen
โ "No, [I/subject] have not [done]โฆ" โ humble formal negative (keigo).
็ฐไธญ
ใใใงใใใใใใคใใใใใใพใใใ
Sou deshita ka. Shitsurei itashimashita.
Is that so? My apologies.
B โ STANDARD ยท Cafรฉ: Drink Preferences
ใฟใฉใ
ใณใผใใผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใใ๏ผ
Koohii wa nomimasu ka?
Do you drink coffee?
ใฑใใณ
ใใใใใณใผใใผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใใใใใใกใใ ใใใงใใ
Iie, koohii wa nomimasen. Koucha ga suki desu.
No, I don't drink coffee. I like tea.
ใใใใ
[NOUN]
ใฏ
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใใ
Iie,
~wa
[stem]
masen
โ "No, I don't [verb] [noun]." โ ใฏ marks the negated item with contrast.
ใฟใฉใ
ใใใงใใใใใใใ ใใใกใใ ใใใงใใ๏ผ
Sou desu ka. Watashi mo koucha ga suki desu yo!
Oh really? I also like tea!
C โ CASUAL ยท Friends: Homework Check
ใใใจ
ใใ
ใใ ใ ใใ ใใใฃใ๏ผ
Shukudai mou owatta?
Did you finish your homework yet?
ใฏใช
ใใใใใพใ ใใใฃใฆใชใใใใใใใใใฆใ
Uun, mada owatte nai yo. Muzukashikute.
Nah, I haven't finished yet. It's too hard.
ใใใใใพใ
[VERB-TE]
ใชใใ
Uun, mada
[verb]-te
nai yo
โ "Nah, I haven't [done] yet." โ ใใใ = casual "no"; ใพใ = not yet; ๏ฝใฆใชใ = haven't done.
ใใใจ
ใ ใใญใใใผใใ ใพใ ใใฃใฆใชใใใ
Da yo ne~. Boku mo mada yatte nai ya.
Right?! I haven't done mine either.
Verb Negation โ Polite
STANDARD
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใใ
[stem]
masen
โ "don't / won't [do]" ยท e.g. ใฎใฟใพใใ (don't drink), ใในใพใใ (don't eat)
STANDARD ยท Past
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใใใงใใ
[stem]
masen deshita
โ "didn't [do]" ยท e.g. ใใใพใใใงใใ (didn't go), ใในใพใใใงใใ (didn't eat)
Verb Negation โ Casual
ใ-verbs (ichidan)
ใในใชใ
tabenai
don't eat
Drop ใ โ add ใชใ. ยท ใฟใ โ ใฟใชใ, ใญใ โ ใญใชใ
ใ-verbs (godan)
ใใใชใ
ikanai
don't go
Change final ใ-sound to ใ-sound โ add ใชใ. ยท ใโใ, ใโใพ, ใโใ
Noun / ใช-adj Negation
๐ข STANDARD
ใใใใใใใชใใงใ
gakusei ja nai desu
not a student
๏ฝใใใชใใงใ or ๏ฝใงใฏใใใพใใ (more formal)
๐ก CASUAL
ใใใใใใใชใ
gakusei ja nai
not a student
Drop ใงใ. ใใใชใ is a contraction of ใงใฏใชใ.
ใ-Adjective Negation
STANDARD
[ADJ drop ใ]
ใใชใใงใ
[stem]
ku nai desu
โ e.g. ใใใ โ ใใใใชใใงใ (not expensive) ยท ใใใ โ ใใใใชใใงใ (not cold)
CASUAL
[ADJ drop ใ]
ใใชใ
[stem]
ku nai
โ e.g. ใใใใชใ (not expensive) ยท ใใใใชใ (not cold)
Affirmation vs. Denial โ Quick Reference
โ
Yes / Affirmation
ใฏใใใใใงใ
Hai, sou desu
Yes, that's right (standard)
ใใใใใใ ใ
Un, sou da yo
Yeah, right (casual)
ใใ = casual "yes" ยท ใใกใใ = of course
โ No / Denial
ใใใใใกใใใพใ
Iie, chigaimasu
No, that's wrong (standard)
ใใใใใกใใ
Uun, chigau
Nah, that's wrong (casual)
ใใใ = casual "no" (different sound from ใใ!)
A โ Flashcards
Click a card to flip it. Use โถ to hear the Japanese.
tap to flip
1 / 10
B โ Listen & Choose the Meaning
Press โถ to hear each phrase, then choose the correct English meaning.
C โ Choose the Right Response
Listen to the question, then choose the most natural reply.
D โ Listen & Write in Romaji
Press โถ to hear each phrase, then type what you heard in romaji. Japanese letters are not needed.
๐ก Tip: Long vowels โ double the vowel (ใใ = ou). Double consonants โ write them twice (ใพใฃใฆ = matte). ใ before a vowel = nn (ใใใซใกใฏ = konnichiwa).
E โ Shadowing Practice
Press โถ to hear each line, say it aloud, then mark it as practised.
0 of 9 lines practised
1. Polite Verb Negation โ ๏ฝใพใใ
To say you don't or won't do something politely, replace ใพใ with ใพใใ.
โข ใฎใฟใพใ (drink) โ ใฎใฟใพใใ (don't drink)
โข ใในใพใ (eat) โ ใในใพใใ (don't eat)
โข ใใใใพใ (understand) โ ใใใใพใใ (don't understand)
The stem (the part before ใพใ) never changes.
โข ใฎใฟใพใ (drink) โ ใฎใฟใพใใ (don't drink)
โข ใในใพใ (eat) โ ใในใพใใ (don't eat)
โข ใใใใพใ (understand) โ ใใใใพใใ (don't understand)
The stem (the part before ใพใ) never changes.
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใ
โ
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใใ
[stem]masu
โ
[stem]masen
โ "I don't / won't [verb]."
ใณใผใใผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใใใ
Koohii wa nomimasen.
I don't drink coffee.
2. Polite Past Negative โ ๏ฝใพใใใงใใ
To say you didn't do something, add ใงใใ after ใพใใ.
โข ใใใพใใใงใใ (didn't go)
โข ใในใพใใใงใใ (didn't eat)
Think of it as: ใพใใ (present negative) + ใงใใ (past marker).
โข ใใใพใใใงใใ (didn't go)
โข ใในใพใใใงใใ (didn't eat)
Think of it as: ใพใใ (present negative) + ใงใใ (past marker).
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใใใงใใ
[stem]
masen deshita
โ "I didn't [verb]."
ใใฎใใใใฃใใใซ ใใใพใใใงใใใ
Kinou, gakkou ni ikimasen deshita.
I didn't go to school yesterday.
3. Casual Verb Negation โ ๏ฝใชใ
In casual speech, drop the polite ใพใ ending and use the plain negative ๏ฝใชใ.
ใ-verbs (ichidan): Drop ใ โ add ใชใ
โข ใในใ โ ใในใชใ โข ใฟใ โ ใฟใชใ
ใ-verbs (godan): Change the final sound to its ใ-row equivalent โ add ใชใ
โข ใใ (kuโka) โ ใใใชใ โข ใฎใ (muโma) โ ใฎใพใชใ โข ใฏใชใ (suโsa) โ ใฏใชใใชใ
Irregular: ใใ โ ใใชใ ยท ใใ โ ใใชใ
ใ-verbs (ichidan): Drop ใ โ add ใชใ
โข ใในใ โ ใในใชใ โข ใฟใ โ ใฟใชใ
ใ-verbs (godan): Change the final sound to its ใ-row equivalent โ add ใชใ
โข ใใ (kuโka) โ ใใใชใ โข ใฎใ (muโma) โ ใฎใพใชใ โข ใฏใชใ (suโsa) โ ใฏใชใใชใ
Irregular: ใใ โ ใใชใ ยท ใใ โ ใใชใ
ใใใใใพใ
[VERB-TE]
ใชใใ
Uun, mada
[verb]-te
nai yo
โ "Nah, I haven't [done] yet." โ casual and natural among friends.
ใพใ ใใใฃใฆใชใใใ
Mada owatte nai yo.
I haven't finished yet.
4. Noun & ใช-Adjective Negation
To say something is not a noun or not a ใช-adj:
โข Standard: [NOUN]ใใใชใใงใ or [NOUN]ใงใฏใใใพใใ (more formal)
โข Casual: [NOUN]ใใใชใ
ใใ is a spoken contraction of ใงใฏ.
โข Standard: [NOUN]ใใใชใใงใ or [NOUN]ใงใฏใใใพใใ (more formal)
โข Casual: [NOUN]ใใใชใ
ใใ is a spoken contraction of ใงใฏ.
[NOUN/ใช-ADJ]
ใใใชใ
๏ผใงใ๏ผ
~
ja nai
(desu)
โ "is not [noun/adj]" โ add ใงใ for polite, drop it for casual.
ใใใฏ ใใใใฎใใใชใใงใใ
Kore wa watashi no ja nai desu.
This is not mine.
5. ใ-Adjective Negation โ ๏ฝใใชใ
To negate an ใ-adjective, remove the final ใ and add ใใชใ.
โข ใใใ (expensive) โ ใใใใชใ (not expensive)
โข ใใใ (cold) โ ใใใใชใ (not cold)
โข ใใใใใ (difficult) โ ใใใใใใชใ (not difficult)
Add ใงใ after ใใชใ for the polite form: ใใใใชใใงใ.
โข ใใใ (expensive) โ ใใใใชใ (not expensive)
โข ใใใ (cold) โ ใใใใชใ (not cold)
โข ใใใใใ (difficult) โ ใใใใใใชใ (not difficult)
Add ใงใ after ใใชใ for the polite form: ใใใใชใใงใ.
[ADJ drop ใ]
ใใชใ๏ผใงใ๏ผ
[stem]
ku nai (desu)
โ "not [adj]" โ works for all ใ-adjectives. Exception: ใใ (good) โ ใใใชใ (not good).
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏ ใใใใชใใงใใใ
Kono resutoran wa takaku nai desu yo.
This restaurant isn't expensive, you know.
6. Contrastive ใฏ in Negation
When negating, Japanese often replaces the object particle ใ with the topic particle ใฏ. This ใฏ carries a contrastive meaning โ it implies "this (but not necessarily other things)".
โข ใณใผใใผใ ใฎใฟใพใ โ ใณใผใใผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใใ
"I drink coffee" โ "Coffee, I don't drink (but other things maybe)"
Using ใฏ instead of ใ makes the negation feel more natural and implies a contrast.
โข ใณใผใใผใ ใฎใฟใพใ โ ใณใผใใผใฏ ใฎใฟใพใใ
"I drink coffee" โ "Coffee, I don't drink (but other things maybe)"
Using ใฏ instead of ใ makes the negation feel more natural and implies a contrast.
[NOUN]
ใฏ
[VERB-STEM]
ใพใใ
~wa
[stem]
masen
โ "[noun], I don't [verb]." โ ใฏ highlights the contrast with something else.
ใใใชใฏ ใในใพใใใใซใใฏ ใในใพใใ
Sakana wa tabemasen. Niku wa tabemasu.
I don't eat fish. I do eat meat.
| Japanese | Romaji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ใใใพใใ | ikimasen | don't go / won't go |
| ใในใพใใ | tabemasen | don't eat |
| ใฎใฟใพใใ | nomimasen | don't drink |
| ใใใใพใใ | wakarimasen | don't understand |
| ใกใใใพใ | chigaimasu | that's different / wrong |
| ใใใงใ | sou desu | that's right / it is so |
| ใใใใใชใ | sou ja nai | that's not right (casual) |
| ใใกใใ | mochiron | of course |
| ใพใ | mada | still / not yet |
| ใใ | mou | already / anymore |
| ใใใใ | shorui | documents / paperwork |
| ใใ ใใ ใ | shukudai | homework |
| ใใใใใ | muzukashii | difficult |
| ใใใใชใ | takaku nai | not expensive |
| ใใใใชใ | samuku nai | not cold |