Lesson 07 โ Basic Verbs
ใใปใใฎใฉใใ ยท Kihon no Doushi
Listening & Speaking Practice ยท Standard ยท Casual ยท Formal
๐ Verb Reference โ 16 Essential Meanings
The core Japanese verbs you need to say almost anything at N5. Each verb shown in its polite ใพใ form, with the plain (casual) form in brackets. Press โถ to hear a sample sentence.
| Verb (polite) | Plain | English | Key Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใงใ |
ใ | is (identity) | [NOUN] + ใงใ | ใใใฏ ใปใใงใใ โ This is a book. |
| ใใพใ |
ใใ | is (location) / there is โ animate | [PLACE]ใซ [PERSON/ANIMAL]ใ ใใพใ | ใใใใใซ ใใฉใใ ใใพใใ โ There are children in the park. |
| ใใใพใ |
ใใ | is (location) / there is โ inanimate | [PLACE]ใซ [THING]ใ ใใใพใ | ใคใใใซ ใปใใ ใใใพใใ โ There is a book on the desk. |
| Verb / Form | Plain | English | Key Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ใใฎ]ใ ใใใพใ |
ใใ | has (things/time) | ใใใใฏ [THING]ใ ใใใพใ | ใใใใ ใใใพใใ โ I have time. |
| [ใฒใจ]ใ ใใพใ |
ใใ | has (people/pets) | ใใใใฏ [PERSON/PET]ใ ใใพใ | ใจใใ ใกใ ใใพใใ โ I have friends. |
| ใปใใใงใ |
ใปใใ | wants (a noun) | [NOUN]ใ ใปใใใงใ | ใใคใ ใปใใใงใใ โ I want shoes. |
| ๏ฝใใใงใ |
๏ฝใใ | wants to (verb) | [VERB-stem]ใใใงใ โ remove ใพใ first | ใใใใใงใใ โ I want to go. (ใใ + ใใ) |
| ใใใงใ |
ใใใ | likes | [NOUN]ใ ใใใงใ | ใซใปใใใ ใใใงใใ โ I like Japanese. |
| Verb (polite) | Plain | English | Key Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใใใพใ |
ใใ | goes | [PLACE]ใซ/ใธ ใใใพใ | ใใฃใใใซ ใใใพใใ โ I go to school. |
| ใงใพใ |
ใงใ | leaves / leaves from | [PLACE]ใ ใงใพใ | ใใใ ใงใพใใ โ I leave the house. (ใ not ใใ!) |
| ใใใใพใ |
ใใใ | returns / goes back | [PLACE]ใซ ใใใใพใ | ใใกใซ ใใใใพใใ โ I go back home. |
| ใใพใ |
ใใ | does / makes | [NOUN]ใ ใใพใ | ในใใใใใ ใใพใใ โ I study. (lit. "do study") |
| ใใใพใ |
ใใ | puts / places | [PLACE]ใซ [THING]ใ ใใใพใ | ใใผใใซใซ ใปใใ ใใใพใใ โ I put the book on the table. |
| ใใพใ ็ใ |
ใใ | puts on (clothing) | [CLOTHING]ใ ใใพใ | ใทใฃใใ ใใพใใ โ I put on a shirt. โ โ ใใพใ(ๆฅใ) = to come |
| Verb (polite) | Plain | English | Key Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใงใใพใ |
ใงใใ | can / is able to | [NOUN]ใ ใงใใพใ / [verb]ใใจใ ใงใใพใ | ใซใปใใใ ใงใใพใใ โ I can speak Japanese. |
| ใใใพใ |
ใใใ | gives (to others) | [PERSON]ใซ [THING]ใ ใใใพใ | ใจใใ ใกใซ ใปใใ ใใใพใใ โ I give a book to my friend. |
| ใใใพใ |
ใใใ | gives (to me) | [PERSON]ใ [THING]ใ ใใใพใ | ใใใใใ ใปใใ ใใใพใใใ โ My teacher gave me a book. |
| ใใใพใ |
ใใ | says / tells | ใ๏ฝใใจ ใใใพใ | ใใใใใจใใใจ ใใใพใใ โ I say "thank you." |
| ใใฃใฆใใพใ |
ใใฃใฆใ | knows (facts) | [THING]ใ ใใฃใฆใใพใ | ใใฎ ใใจใฐใ ใใฃใฆใใพใใ โ I know that word. |
| ใฟใพใ |
ใฟใ | sees / watches | [THING]ใ ใฟใพใ | ใใใใ ใฟใพใใ โ I watch a movie. |
โ Homonym alert: ใใใพใ(่ตทใใ) = to wake up vs ใใใพใ(็ฝฎใ) = to put. ใใพใ(ๆฅใ) = to come vs ใใพใ(็ใ) = to put on clothing. Context tells them apart.
๐ฃ Mini Dialogues
Three scenes using the basic verbs in natural context. Press โถ to hear each line.
Exercise A โ Flashcard Practice
Click the card to flip it. Use the audio button on the front to hear the sentence first.
Exercise B โ Listen & Choose the Meaning
Press โถ to hear each sentence, then select the correct English meaning.
Exercise C โ Choose the Right Response
Press โถ to hear the prompt, then pick the most natural Japanese reply.
Exercise D โ Listen & Write in Romaji
Press โถ Hear it and type what you hear in romaji. No capitals or punctuation needed.
Exercise E โ Shadowing Practice
Listen to each line, repeat it aloud, then mark it as practised. Complete all 9 lines to finish.
ใใพใ vs ใใใพใ โ animate vs inanimate
โข ใญใใ ใใพใ โ โข ใปใใ ใใใพใ โ
โข ใปใใ ใใพใ โ โข ใญใใ ใใใพใ โ
Exception: ใญใใใ (robot) and animated characters are often used with ใใพใ because speakers treat them as having will.
Possession uses the same rule: ใจใใ ใกใ ใใพใ (I have friends) vs ใใใใ ใใใพใ (I have a dictionary).
ใปใใใงใ vs ๏ฝใใใงใ โ wanting nouns vs actions
๏ฝใใใงใ attaches to the verb stem (ใพใ form minus ใพใ):
โข ใในใพใ โ ใใน + ใใ = ใในใใใงใ (I want to eat)
โข ใใใพใ โ ใใ + ใใ = ใใใใใงใ (I want to go)
โข ใฟใพใ โ ใฟ + ใใ = ใฟใใใงใ (I want to see/watch)
Use ใ or ใ with ๏ฝใใใงใ: both are acceptable, but ใ is more common in action sentences: ใณใผใใผใ ใฎใฟใใ.
ใใใพใ vs ใใใพใ โ the direction of giving
โข ใใใพใ โ I (or anyone) give TO someone else: speaker โ other
โข ใใใพใ โ someone gives TO me (or my in-group): other โ speaker
Think of yourself at the centre: ใใใ goes OUT, ใใใ comes IN.
Pattern: [GIVER]ใ [RECEIVER]ใซ [THING]ใ ใใใพใ/ใใใพใ
Note: if the giver of ใใใ is obvious, it's often dropped: ใใฌใผใณใใ ใใใ๏ผ= (They) gave me a present!
ใใฃใฆใใพใ โ "know" must use ใฆ-ใใ
โ ใใฃใฆใใพใ (I am in a state of knowing = I know)
โ ใใใพใ (sounds like the moment of finding out โ unnatural as a general statement)
Negative: ใใใพใใ (I don't know) โ this one IS used in ใพใ form, not te-iru.
Casual: ใใฃใฆใ (I know) / ใใใชใ (I don't know)
ใงใใพใ โ two uses: ability & possibility
1. Ability (can do): [NOUN]ใ ใงใใพใ โ ใซใปใใใ ใงใใพใ = I can (do) Japanese.
2. Possibility (it is possible): [VERB plain]ใใจใ ใงใใพใ โ ในใใใใใใใใจใ ใงใใพใ = It is possible to study.
Both use ใ. The noun pattern is more conversational; the ใใจ pattern is more precise and common in writing.
ใงใใพใใ = cannot / is not possible.
ใงใพใ (to leave) โ uses ใ, not ใใ
โ ใใกใ ใงใพใ (I leave the house)
โ ใใกใใ ใงใพใ (less natural for simple departure)
ใ + movement verb marks the space you exit or pass through. The same pattern applies to ใจใใใพใ (pass through) and ใใใใพใ (cross).
To say "I left at 8am": ใฏใกใใซ ใใกใ ใงใพใใ.
| Verb (polite) | Plain form | English |
|---|---|---|
| ใงใ | ใ | is (identity) โ X is Y |
| ใใพใ | ใใ | is (location) / there is โ animate beings |
| ใใใพใ | ใใ | is (location) / there is / has โ inanimate things |
| ใปใใใงใ | ใปใใ | wants (a noun) โ [NOUN]ใ ใปใใ |
| ๏ฝใใใงใ | ๏ฝใใ | wants to (verb) โ [verb-stem]ใใ |
| ใใใงใ | ใใใ | likes โ [NOUN]ใ ใใ |
| ใใใพใ | ใใ | goes โ [PLACE]ใซ ใใ |
| ใงใพใ | ใงใ | leaves / exits from โ [PLACE]ใ ใงใ |
| ใใใใพใ | ใใใ | returns / goes back โ [PLACE]ใซ ใใใ |
| ใใพใ | ใใ | does / makes โ [NOUN]ใ ใใ (irregular verb) |
| ใใใพใ (็ฝฎใ) | ใใ | puts / places โ [PLACE]ใซ [THING]ใ ใใ |
| ใใพใ (็ใ) | ใใ | puts on (clothing) โ [CLOTHING]ใ ใใ โ โ ๆฅใ |
| ใงใใพใ | ใงใใ | can / is able to โ [NOUN]ใ ใงใใ |
| ใใใพใ | ใใใ | gives (to others) โ [PERSON]ใซ [THING]ใ ใใใ |
| ใใใพใ | ใใใ | gives (to me) โ [PERSON]ใ [THING]ใ ใใใ |
| ใใใพใ | ใใ | says / tells โ ใ๏ฝใใจ ใใ |
| ใใฃใฆใใพใ | ใใฃใฆใ | knows (facts) โ [THING]ใ ใใฃใฆใใ |
| ใฟใพใ | ใฟใ | sees / watches โ [THING]ใ ใฟใ |